The Welsh Marches and the PAS: Possible ‘productive’ sites and their significance
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ager, B. and Graham-Campbell, J. 2009. Discovery and contents, in J. Graham-Campbell and R. Philpott (eds) The Huxley Viking hoard: Scandinavian settlement in the North West. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool: 45–50.
Baker, J. and Brookes, S. A. 2013. Monumentalising the political landscape: a special class of Anglo-Saxon assembly site. The Antiquaries Journal 93: 147–162.
Bassett, S and Hare, M. 2023. A pre-Conquest market place at Deerhurst? Transactions of Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 141: 225–231.
Blackburn, M. 2003. ‘Productive’ sites and the pattern of coin loss in England, 600–1180, in T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider (eds) Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and ‘Productive’ Sites, 650–850. Oxford: Windgather: 20–36.
Brookes, S. 2020. Domesday Shires and Hundreds of England. York: Archaeology Data Service https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-4890
Brown. I. 2004. Discovering a Welsh landscape: Archaeology in the Clwydian Range. Macclesfield: Windgather.
Burnham, B.C. and Davies, J.L. 2010. Roman Frontiers in Wales and the Marches. Aberystwyth: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.
Capper, M. nd. St. Guthlac and the ‘Britons’: a Mercian context, in S. Tyas (ed.) Guthlac of Crowland: Celebrating 1300 Years. Stamford: Paul Watkins: 181–213.
Capper, M. 2025. A meeting of peoples: PAS metalwork, material and documentary evidence for cultural exchange in Anglo-Saxon Shropshire and the Mercian West Midlands, in R. White (ed.) Floreat Salopia. Oxford: Oxbow: 55–88.
Carver, M. 2019. Formative Britian: An Archaeology of Britian, Fifth to Eleventh Century AD. London: Routledge.
Clarke, P.M. 2023.a The Early Medieval Material Culture of the Welsh Marches: An Analysis of the PAS Database. Unpublished PhD thesis. Chester: University of Chester.
Clarke, P.M. 2023b. Evaluating the early medieval Portable Antiquities Scheme data for the Welsh Marches. Offa’s Dyke Journal 5: 170–207.
Coflein. 2002. Holt Castle NPRN 307202. https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/307202/
CPAT. nd. Holt Church (St Chad). PRN 101258. https://archwilio.org.uk/her/chi3/arch.php?county=Denbighshire〈=eng
CPAT. nd. Holt Castle PRN 101260. https://archwilio.org.uk/her/chi3/arch.php?county=Denbighshire〈=eng
CPAT. nd. Holt Bridge PRN 101261. https://archwilio.org.uk/her/chi3/report/page.
Cunliffe. B. 2012. Britain Begins. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
DEFRA. 2018. Agricultural Industry in Shropshire, summary report and analysis. https://shropshire.gov.uk/media/10640/survey-of-agriculture-report-july-2018.pdf
DEFRA 2021. Statistical Digest of Rural England, Feb 2021 edition. Government Statistical Service.
Dodd, J.P. 1986. Early settlement in West Cheshire. Cheshire History 17: 14–20.
Edmonds, F. 2009. History and names, in J. Graham-Campbell and R. Philpott (eds.) The Huxley Viking Hoard; Scandinavian Settlement in the North-West. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool: 1–12.
Ekwall, E. 1960. The Concise Oxford dictionary of English Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eyton, R.W. 1856. Antiquities of Shropshire, Volume III. London: Russell Smith.
Feryok, M. 2013. Offa’s Dyke, in S. Zalukyj (ed.) Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Central England. Almeley: Logaston Press: 163–192.
Garner, D. 2009. The finding of the Huxley Hoard, in J. Graham-Campbell and R. Philpott (eds) The Huxley Viking Hoard; Scandinavian settlement in the North-West. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool: 49–50.
Gelling, M. 1984. Place-Names in the Landscape. London: Dent.
Gelling, M. 1997. Signposts to the Past. Chichester: Phillimore.
Gelling, M. 2004. The Place-Names of Shropshire, Part 5, the Hundreds of Pimhill and Bradford North. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society.
Gould, D., Creighton, O., Chaussee, S., Shapland, M. and Wright, D. 2024. Where power lies - the archaeology of transforming elite centres in the landscape of medieval England c. AD 800–1200. Medieval Settlement Research 39: 80–92.
Griffiths, D. 2003. Markets and ‘productive’ sites: A view from Western Britain, in T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider (eds) Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and ‘Productive’ Sites, 650–850. Oxford: Windgather: 1–11.
Griffiths, D. 2007. Early medieval material: AD 400–450 to 1050–1100, in D. Griffiths, R.A. Philpott, G. Egan (eds.) Meols: the Archaeology of the North Wirral Coast. Oxford University School Archaeology Monograph 68 Oxford: Oxford University: 58–77.
Griffiths, D. 2009. The archaeological background, in J. Graham-Cambell and R. Philpott (eds) The Huxley Viking Hoard: Scandinavian Settlement in the North West. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool: 13–23.
Hadley, D. and Richards, J. 2021. The Viking Great Army and the Making of England. London: Thames and Hudson.
Hare, M. 2021. The fairs of Deerhurst. Transactions Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 139: 297–300.
Historic England. nd. Roman road running from the Roman fort at Greensforge to Newtown (Wales) via Bridgenorth, Halford and Bishop’s Castle Monument number 1358747. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=ada870bc-039e-4b41-add7-18c4e8e5cfde&resourceID=19191
Historic England. nd. Brycge Monument number 114799. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=114799&resourceID=19191
Historic England. nd. Saxon mint at Bridgnorth Monument number 1078718. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1078718&resourceID=19191
Historic England. nd. Church of St. Chad Monument number 1213100 https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1213100?section=official-list-entry
Historic England. nd. A possible Roman road running from Greensforge to, possibly, Oakengates. Monument number 1326559. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=f79df360-a8a3-4392-8554-c59bcbd06232&resourceID=19191
Historic England. 1960. Tumuli Monument number 114590. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=6663188e-9c39-4174-8d66-198bd891ddf1&resourceID=19191
Historic England. 1960. Cropmark of a possible Romano-British Monument number 114722. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=114722&resourceID=19191
Historic England. 1979. Mound at Sandford Hall Monument number 7087911. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=288520df-65c0-4bb8-a857-00133642e72e&resourceID=19191
Historic England. 2003. The Walls: A large multivallate hillfort Monument number 1021065. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1021065?section=official-list-entry
Historic England. 2004. St. Peters Church and Well Monument number 114492. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=114492&resourceID=19191
Historic England. 2015. Wenlock Priory Monument number 1004779. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1004779?section=official-list-entry
Historic England. 2025. Medieval cross in St Peters churchyard, Worfield Monument number 01938. https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MSA1444&resourceID=1015
Holland, M. 2012. An Archaeological Survey of Land around Hanbury Cottage for the Severn Valley Railway. Wolverhampton: Wolverhampton Archaeological Group.
Horovitz, D. 2010. A tale of two bridges: Cwatbrycge and Bridgnorth revisited. Transactions of Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society 83: 1–17.
Lennon, B. 2009. Lēah names in the Anglo-Saxon charters of Wiltshire. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 102: 175–187.
Lewis, M. 2024. The Portable Antiquities Scheme Annual Report 2023. London: British Museum.
Lias, A. 1991. Place Names of the Welsh borderlands. Ludlow: Palmers Press.
Lovell, C. 2004. Kingsland Primary School, Kingsland, Herefordshire; archaeological monitoring. Fownhope: Archenfield Archaeology.
Margary, I.D. 1967. Roman Roads. London: John Baker.
Martin, T.F. 2015. The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Matthews, C.M. 2018. Holt Roman tile works: Geophysical Investigations 2018. Bronygarth: Archaeological Survey West LLP.
Mileson, S. and Brookes, S. 2014. A multi-phase Anglo-Saxon site at Ewelme. Oxoniensia 79: 1–30.
Mills, A.D. 2011. A Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199609086.001.0001/acref-9780199609086-e-9282?rskey=GFRODM&result=9388
Naismith, R. 2021. Early Medieval Britain c. 500–1000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
National Trust. nd. Burgh (site of?), Quatford 1789308. https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archsearch/record?titleId=1789308
Newman, J. 2003. Exceptional finds, exceptional sites? Barham and Coddenham, Suffolk, in T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider (eds) Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and ‘Productive’ Sites, 650–850. Oxford: Windgather: 97–109.
Oksanen, E. and Lewis, M. 2020. Medieval commercial sites: as seen through Portable Antiquities Scheme data. The Antiquaries Journal 100: 109–140.
Owen Crocker, G.R. 2004. Dress in Anglo-Saxon England. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Palmer, B. 2003. The hinterlands of three southern English emporia: Some common themes, in T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider (eds.) Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and ‘Productive’ Sites, 650–850. Oxford: Windgather: 1–11.
Paterson, C., Parsons, A. J., Newman, R. M., Johnson, N. and Howard Davis, C. 2014. Shadows in the Sand: Excavation of a Viking-Age cemetery at Cumwhitton, Cumbria. Lancaster: Oxford Archaeology North.
Pestell, T. 2004. Landscapes of Monastic Foundation: The Establishment of Religious Houses in East Anglia c. 650–1200. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Pestell, T. 2012. Markets, emporia, wics and ‘productive’ sites: Pre-Viking trade centres in Anglo-Saxon England, in H. Hamerow, D.A. Hinton and S. Crawford (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 556–579.
Pestell, T. and Ulmschneider, K. (eds) 2003. Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and ‘Productive’ Sites, 650–850. Oxford: Windgather.
Ponting, M. 2023. Viking show their metal! National Museums Liverpool https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/vikings-show-their-metal
Redknap, M. 2022. Early medieval metalwork from south-east Wales: Patterns and potential. Archaeologia Cambrensis 171: 73–114.
Reynolds, A. 2006. The early medieval period, in N. Holbrook and J. Juřica (eds). Twenty five years of archaeology in Gloucestershire: A review of new discoveries and new thinking in Gloucestershire, South Gloucestershire and Bristol. Cirencester: Cotswold Archaeology: 133–160.
Richards, J.D. and Naylor, J. 2009. The real value of buried treasure. VASLE: The Viking and Anglo-Saxon Landscape and Economy project, in S. Thomas and P.G. Stone (eds) Metal Detecting and Archaeology. Woodbridge: Boydell: 167–180.
Robbins, K. 2014. Portable Antiquities Scheme; A Guide for Researchers. London: British Museum.
Rowley, T. 1972. The Shropshire Landscape. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Sayer, D. 2013. Christian burial practice in the early middle ages: rethinking the Anglo-Saxon funerary sphere. History Compass 11(2): 133–146.
Shaw, M. and Clark, J. 2003. Cheshire Historic Towns Survey: Farndon, Archaeological Assessment. Chester: Cheshire County Council.
Sheehan, J. 2009. The Huxley hoard and Hiberno-Scandinavian arm rings, in J. Graham-Cambell and R. Philpott (eds) The Huxley Viking hoard: Scandinavian settlement in the North West. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool: 58–69.
Sherley-Price, L. (trans.) and Farmer, D. H. (ed.) 1990. Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. London: Penguin.
Shoenfelder, M. and Richards, J. D. 2011. Norse bells – a Scandinavian colonial artefact, in H. Hamerow (ed.) Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 17 Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology: 151–168.
Sidebottom, P. 2020. Pecsaetna: People of the Anglo-Saxon Peak District. Oxford: Oxbow.
Silvester, R. and Hankinson, R. 2004. Early medieval ecclesiastical and burial sites in mid and north-east Wales: CPAT report 612. Welshpool: Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust.
Silvester, B., Martin, C.H.R. and Watson. S.E. 2012. Historic settlements in Flintshire CPAT Report 1142. Welshpool: CPAT.
Stanford, S. C. 1980. The Archaeology of the Welsh Marches. London: Collins.
Stanford, S. C. 1995. A Cornovian farm and Saxon cemetery at Bromfield, Shropshire. Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society LXX: 95–142.
Swallow, R. 2016. Cheshire Castles of the Irish Sea cultural zone. Archaeological Journal 173(2): 288–341.
Stanford, S.C. 1980. The Archaeology of the Welsh Marches. London: Collins.
Stoertz, C. 2014. The Marches Upland Mapping Project: A report for the National mapping programme. Swindon: English Heritage.
Thomas, G. 2000. A Survey of late Anglo-Saxon and Viking Age strap ends from Britian. Unpublished PhD thesis, University College London.
Ulmschneider, K. and Pestell, T. 2003. Introduction: early medieval markets and ‘productive’ sites, in T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider (eds) Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and ‘Productive’ Sites, 650–850. Oxford: Windgather: 1–11.
Venning, T. 2013. The Kings and Queens of Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud: Amberley.
Walton Rogers, P. 2007. Cloth and Clothing in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Council for British Archaeology Research Report 145. York: Council for British Archaeology.
Watkin, W.T. 1879. Roman Shropshire. Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 2: 317–363.
Williams, D. 1997. Late Saxon Stirrup-Strap Mounts: A Classification and Catalogue. CBA Research report 111. York: Council for British Archaeology.
Williams, G. 2009. Viking hoards of the Northern Danelaw from Cuerdale to the Vale of York, in J. Graham-Cambell and R. Philpott (eds) The Huxley Viking Hoard: Scandinavian Settlement in the North West. Liverpool: National Museums Liverpool: 73–83.
Willmott, H. 2022. Re-evaluating the landscape of early ecclesiastical foundation in the kingdom of Lindsey. Church Archaeology 21: 33–52.
Willmott, H. and Wright, D. W. 2021. Rethinking early medieval ‘productive sites’: Wealth, trade, and tradition at Little Carlton, East Lindsey. The Antiquaries Journal 101: 181–212.
Wynne, F. W. 1855. Roman remains in Wales No. VI. Archaeologia Cambrensis 1:4: 238–241.
Zaluckyj, S. 2002. Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Central England. Almeley: Logaston.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/odj.v7i0.14332
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
ISSN: 2695-625X
Follow us on:
Â
  
Edited in Madrid by JAS ArqueologÃa

